| Country | Short name | Local name | In English | Minimum capital | Online | Notary |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium | SRL / BV | Société à responsabilité limitée / Besloten vennootschap | Private limited company | noneejustice.just.fgov.be · 24 Sep | Partly | Required |
| Bulgaria | ООД | Дружество с ограничена отговорност | Private limited liability company | €1Агенция по вписванията · 24 Sep | Partly | Depends on the route |
| Croatia | d.o.o. | Društvo s ograničenom odgovornošću | Private limited company | €2 500narodne-novine.nn.hr · 24 Sep | In full | Depends on the route |
| Cyprus | Ltd | Ιδιωτική εταιρεία περιορισμένης ευθύνης με μετοχές | Private company limited by shares | nonecylaw.org · 24 Sep | In full | Not required |
| Czechia | s.r.o. | Společnost s ručením omezeným | Private limited company | CZK 1zakonyprolidi.cz · 24 Sep | Partly | Required |
| Estonia | OÜ | Osaühing | Private limited company | €0.01Riigi Teataja · 20 Sep | In full | Depends on the route |
| Finland | Oy | Osakeyhtiö | Private limited company | noneOikeusministeriö · 24 Sep | In full | Not required |
| France | SAS | Société par actions simplifiée | Simplified joint-stock company | €1Service Public · 20 Sep | In full | unconfirmed |
| Germany | GmbH | Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Private limited company | €25 000gesetze-im-internet · 20 Sep | Partly | Required |
| Greece | Ι.Κ.Ε. | Ιδιωτική Κεφαλαιουχική Εταιρεία | Private limited company | nonee-ΥΜΣ · 24 Sep | In full | Depends on the route |
| Hungary | Kft. | Korlátolt felelősségű társaság | Private limited company | HUF 3 000 000magyarkozlony.hu · 24 Sep | Partly | Not required |
| Ireland | LTD | Private company limited by shares | Private company limited by shares | noneIrish Statute Book · 21 Sep | unconfirmed | Not required |
| Italy | s.r.l. | Società a responsabilità limitata | Private limited company | €1Gazzetta Ufficiale · 20 Sep | no figure yet | Required |
| Latvia | SIA | Sabiedrība ar ierobežotu atbildību | Private limited liability company | €2 800VSIA "Latvijas Vēstnesis" · 24 Sep | In full | Depends on the route |
| Lithuania | UAB | Uždaroji akcinė bendrovė | Private limited liability company | €1 000e-seimas.lrs.lt · 24 Sep | no figure yet | Not required |
| Malta | Ltd | Kumpanija Privata | Private limited liability company | €1164.69legislation.mt · 24 Sep | In full | Not required |
| Netherlands | B.V. | Besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid | Private limited company | nonewetten.overheid.nl · 24 Sep | Partly | Required |
| Poland | Sp. z o.o. | Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością | Private limited company | PLN 5 000Kancelaria Sejmu · 24 Sep | Partly | Depends on the route |
| Romania | SRL | Societate cu răspundere limitată | Private limited liability company | RON 500www.onrc.ro · 24 Sep | In full | Not required |
| Slovakia | s. r. o. | Spoločnosť s ručením obmedzeným | Private limited company | €5 000static.slov-lex.sk · 24 Sep | Partly | Depends on the route |
| Slovenia | d.o.o. | Družba z omejeno odgovornostjo | Private limited company | €7 500spot.gov.si · 24 Sep | Partly | Depends on the route |
| Spain | SL | Sociedad de responsabilidad limitada | Private limited company | €1BOE · 20 Sep | In full | Required |
| Sweden | AB | Privat aktiebolag | Private limited company | SEK 25 000Sveriges riksdag · 24 Sep | In full | Not required |
What stays the same: the owners' liability stops at what they put in, and the company is its own legal person. What changes: the name, the minimum capital, whether a notary signs the papers, and whether it can be done online. Each country page shows the law behind every cell, with the day we read it.
Three things an LLC founder should know first
The capital is not a fee. It goes into the company's own account and stays yours to spend on the business.
Tax follows where the company is actually run from. A company registered in one country and managed from another is usually taxed in the second.
"Single-member" is normal here: 21 of the 23 countries let one person found the company alone.
Sources and licences
Sources: Source: SPF Justice, Moniteur belge / banque de données Justel (ejustice.just.fgov.be), [law/article citation], read [date] · Source: [act name], [article], as published by the Registry Agency (registryagency.bg), read [date] · Source: CyLaw (cylaw.org), read [date] · Source: Zákony pro lidi (zakonyprolidi.cz), [act citation], read [date] · Quelle: gesetze-im-internet.de · Source: Riigi Teataja (Estonian State Gazette) · Fuente de los datos: Agencia Estatal Boletín Oficial del Estado. · Lähde: Finlex (Oikeusministeriö), luettu 2026-09-24. / Source: Finlex (Ministry of Justice), read 2026-09-24. · Source : entreprendre.service-public.gouv.fr, sous Licence Ouverte / Etalab 2.0 · Source: Ν. 4072/2012 (eyms.businessportal.gr), [article], read [date] · Source: Narodne novine (narodne-novine.nn.hr), [act/NN issue], [article], read [date] · Forrás: Magyar Közlöny (a hivatalos lap), olvasva 2026-09-24. / Source: Magyar Közlöny (the official gazette), read 2026-09-24. · Source: Irish Statute Book, Office of the Attorney General, Oireachtas (Open Data) PSI Licence / CC BY 4.0 · Fonte: Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana — testo non autentico, riproduzione gratuita. · Source: e-seimas.lrs.lt (Register of Legal Acts), [act name and article], read [date] · Avots: likumi.lv (VSIA "Latvijas Vēstnesis"), [pants], lasīts 2026-09-24. / Source: likumi.lv (VSIA "Latvijas Vēstnesis"), read 2026-09-24. · Source: legislation.mt (Laws of Malta), read [date] · Source: wetten.overheid.nl, [article], read [date] · Source: Dziennik Ustaw via api.sejm.gov.pl (Kancelaria Sejmu), [act citation], read [date] · Source: ONRC (onrc.ro), [page], read [date] · Source: Sveriges riksdag, Svensk författningssamling, [act citation], read [date] · Source: SPOT (spot.gov.si), Ministrstvo za notranje zadeve in javno upravo, [page], read [date] · Source: Slov-Lex (static.slov-lex.sk), [act], [article], read [date]
Next: Cheapest EU country to open a company · Founders living abroad · Every country side by side
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